Ants help route optimisation for fleets and cut emissions

New route optimisation technology for fleets operating in urban areas, based on the behaviour of ants, has been developed by university researchers.

Computer scientists, at the College of Engineering and Physical Sciences at Aston University in Birmingham, say it could help fleets halve their emissions, while helping towns and cities meet clean air targets.

The researchers based their computer modelling algorithm on the way ants forage for food to schedule tasks to vehicles in a fleet and optimise their routes.

Developed under the Think Beyond Data initiative, part-funded by the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF), the research team used a technique known as ‘meta-heuristic technology’.

The method mimics how colonies of ants solve problems and improves upon their existing behaviours. For example, each ant keeps a record of the best solution it has individually found and passes on this knowledge to other ants. This ‘best practice’ then permeates through-out the colony, updating its store of know-how in a way comparable to computer algorithms.

The researchers further developed the technique by creating even ‘smarter’ ant algorithms by reducing the amount of decisions they make such that they can solve city-scale fleet routing problems.  

Dr Darren Chitty, lead researcher at Aston University, explained: “Algorithms based on the foraging behaviour of ants have long been used to solve vehicle routing problems, but now we have found how to scale these up to city-size fleets operating over several weeks in much less time than before.

“It means much larger fleet optimisation problems can be tackled within reasonable timescales using software a user can put on their laptop.”

The route optimisation technology was tested on several Birmingham companies that operate fleets of vehicles to help them minimise their road usage.

Tests with the maintenance company comprised of up to 45 vehicles and 437 customer jobs over a six-week period.

They observed savings of more than 50% over the company’s original time spent on the road. This enabled the maintenance company to make equivalent savings in their fuel costs, boost profit margins, while cutting vehicle emissions in half, said researchers.

Dr Chitty said: “We feel that while Clean Air Zones will improve air quality for some residents, there could be better ways to tackle the health and environmental problems caused by emissions. Instead of taxing commercial vehicles to enter these zones, our research can act as an incentive to companies as they will not only reduce emissions but also save money.

“If all companies in a city operated with this technology, then emissions from these vehicles - which are some of the most polluting - could be significantly reduced, improving air quality for all concerned.”

Many fleets already employ telematics and tracking software to optimise route planning and improve driver behaviour, but these results suggest the scope for cost savings and improved environmental performance.

For example, the scientists were able to reduce CO2 emissions by 4.25 kg per van per day and reduce more harmful emissions such as nitrous oxide by 98-grams per van per day from a fleet of vehicles tested in Birmingham.

The improved schedules were able to service all the required customer demand but with fewer vehicles. This came as a direct result of better routing, saving time for the fleet, but also taking some vehicles off the road altogether, reducing traffic and congestion, said the researchers.

They are now looking to roll out the technology further by testing the system with different types of vehicle fleets such as larger vans or HGVs, as well as larger fleets of vehicles.

The team will continue to approach other companies to use as a testbed for the technology as the project is funded for another two years.

For more information on the Think Beyond Data initiative, click here.